The Islamic Chronicles

2023-05-29 16:18:03 On this day, May 29, 1453, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II conquered the Byzantine capital city of Constantinople after a 53-day-long siege. Watch here:

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2023-05-27 12:32:23 Ibn Khaldun is best known for his groundbreaking work in the field of historiography and social sciences. His most renowned work is the "Muqaddimah" (also known as the "Prolegomena" or "Introduction"), which serves as an introduction to his larger historical work, "Kitab al-'Ibar" (Book of Lessons).

In the "Muqaddimah," Ibn Khaldun laid the foundation for the philosophy of history and social sciences. He introduced several revolutionary concepts, including the idea of social cohesion and group solidarity (known as 'Asabiyyah), cyclical patterns of the rise and fall of civilizations, and the importance of economic factors in shaping societies.

Ibn Khaldun emphasized the role of geography, climate, and social organization in the development of societies and argued that the rise and decline of civilizations occur due to a combination of factors, including cultural, economic, and political changes. His work challenged the prevailing views of his time and continues to influence fields such as sociology, economics, and history.

Ibn Khaldun's work had a lasting impact on subsequent scholars and thinkers in both the Islamic world and the West. His ideas were later rediscovered during the European Renaissance, and his theories on the rise and fall of empires influenced thinkers such as Machiavelli.

Historian Arnold Toynbee described Ibn Khaldun’s theoretical treatise on history, the Muqaddimah, as ‘undoubtedly the greatest work of its kind that has ever been created by any mind in any time or place.’

The philosopher, sociologist, and anthropologist Ernest Gellner declared that Ibn Khaldun was ‘a superb inductive sociologist, a practitioner, long before the term was invented, of the method of ideal types.’

Read a short bio here
https://islamicchronicles.com/islamic-history/islamic-golden-age/ibn-khaldun-a-short-biography/

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2023-05-27 12:32:17 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-05-22 16:38:54 Sher Shah groaned in pain. Sure, the hakims were trying their best, but Sher Shah knew he didn't have much time left. He was scorched all over, and he felt the icy jaws of death closing in on his burnt body. With a feeble voice, he pronounced what he knew would be his last order to his soldiers: Come hell or high water, they were to seize the fort of Kalinjar before their Sultan breathed his last.

The dying king's exhortation had a dramatic effect on the troops — a contemporary writer, Badayuni, says that on hearing Sher Shah's words, "the Afghan amirs worked harder and behaved with the utmost gallantry, and coming to close quarters with the garrison, brought matters to a fight with knife and dagger and did full justice to the demands of endeavour and manliness." Straining every nerve, the Afghans pulled off a miracle: Kalinjar was stormed in only a few hours.

The glad tidings were immediately rushed to Sher Shah. A thin smile broke out on his tired face, and a cry of satisfaction escaped his lips. "Alhamdulillah!" he said. "This was my very desire."

Sher Shah never spoke again. The man who was wont to make history with every move had passed into the realm of history. The Afghan sun had set. Sher Shah Suri was dead.

Writes Neelesh Chatterjee

(Reference: Makhzan-i Afghani, by Khwaja Niamatullah)

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2023-05-22 16:38:52 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-05-21 13:56:41 Timurid emperor, an accomplished mathematician and one of the greatest astronomers in history, Ulugh Beg with Ali Qushji in an observatory in Samarkand. Ali Qushji was a student and co-worker of Ulugh Beg.

Ulugh Bey was the grandson of the legendary Central Asian conqueror, Amir Timur (known as Tamerlane in the West).

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2023-05-20 07:16:38 Sultan Ali Dinar of Darfur, a forgotten hero of the anti-colonial struggle

https://islamicchronicles.com/islamic-history/sultanate-of-darfur/sultan-ali-dinar-of-darfur/ Buka / Bagaimana

2023-05-13 09:53:03 #OTD Remembering noted Indian freedom fighter and celebrated Urdu poet, Maulana Hasrat Mohani on his death anniversary (May 13, 1951).
#OnThisDay

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2023-05-04 17:38:17 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-05-04 12:58:41 According to Kate Brittlebank, at the time when he was killed by the British, Tipu Sultan was the most famous Indian in Britain. Celebrations erupted when Tipu was killed by the troops of General George Harris.

While Nizams of Hyderabad and Maratha Peshwa failed to recognize the danger posed by the British, Tipu Sultan emerged as a grave threat to the British East India Company.

Europeans were forbidden from entering Mysore territory uninvited, for whatever purpose. Those who did make the mistake of crossing the boundaries of the realm soon found themselves in difficulties.

As a result, the British decided to take over Tipu and end this threat forever. With Tipu gone, the EIC was able to fix its claws deeper into the Indian soil.

Eventually, the British besieged the fortress of Tipu at Seringapatam on 5 April 1799. They had sought the assistance of Tipu Sultan’s Chief Minister Mir Sadiq in order to take over the fortress.

Mir Sadiq betrayed and withdrew his troops stationed at the breach. British troops were assembled in the trenches waiting for such a signal. Thus, the British breached the fortress and Tipu Sultan lost his life while protecting his soil.

Kate Brittlebank writes,
"Reading descriptions of Tipu's military actions, one is struck by his fearlessness - never hesitating to plunge into the fray, leading attacks, harrying the enemy, disrupting their supply lines, thinking ahead to outwit his opposition. Yet he was not reckless, knowing when it was wiser to withdraw than continue against intractable odds. And his courage had been evident from an early age when as a young boy he began to accompany his father on military campaigns."

Source: Tiger: The Life Of Tipu Sultan, book by Kate Brittlebank

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