The Islamic Chronicles

2023-05-04 12:58:33 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-05-03 13:27:11 One of the most fascinating achievements of the young Sultan was the conquest of Constantinople (1453). His father Sultan Murad also besieged the city back in 1422 but failed to take it.

After studying the failures of his predecessors and now determined to take the city, the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmed II besieged Constantinople in 1453. After a 53-day-long siege, the city of Constantinople finally fell to the Ottomans on May 29, 1453.

In the following quarter-century, the Conqueror undertook one campaign after another, establishing a centralized empire in Rumelia and Anatolia. He also conquered the Empire of Trebizond in 1461. He established Ottoman control over Serbia, Morea, Bosnia, Albania, and a number of Anatolian territories.

Mehmed the Conqueror is considered to be the true founder of the Ottoman Empire. He established an empire in Europe and Asia with its capital at Istanbul, which was to remain the nucleus of the Ottoman Empire for four centuries.

Mehmed was a man of tolerance and culture. He is said to have spoken Persian, Arabic, ancient Greek and Italian.

Mehmed II was one of the most important figures of Islamic as well as Ottoman history. His second reign of 30 years brought huge conquests to his name, leaving an indelible mark on history. Even today, his legacy still lives on.

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2023-05-03 13:27:06 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-04-27 14:29:31 Read more here:
https://fiveminthistory.com/history/ottoman-empire/sultan-abdul-hamid-ii-a-short-biography/ Buka / Bagaimana

2023-04-26 11:42:55 On this day in Islamic History, read here

https://fiveminthistory.com/on-this-day/ Buka / Bagaimana

2023-04-21 13:09:52 On this day, 21 April 1938, noted Muslim thinker, philosopher, and celebrated Urdu and Farsi poet, Allama Muhammad Iqbal died in Lahore, British India.

Throughout his career, Iqbal wrote and delivered lectures on the political and spiritual revival of the Muslim community across the world, but specifically in the Indian subcontinent. The six lectures he delivered at Madras (now Chennai), Hyderabad, and Aligarh in 1928–29 were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam in 1934 CE.

Iqbal had a great interest in Islamic studies, especially in Tasawwuf (Sufism). His thesis, The Development of Metaphysics in Persia, revealed some aspects of Islamic mysticism (Tasawwuf) formerly unknown in Europe.

Today, Iqbal is celebrated throughout the world, especially in Pakistan and India, for his outstanding contributions to Urdu and Persian poetry, philosophy, and Islamic thought.

Iqbal writes:

Ki Muhammad se wafa tu ne to ham tere hain
Ye jahan cheez hai kiya lauh-o-qalam tere hain

کی محمدﷺ سے وفا تو نے تو ہم تيرے ہيں
يہ جہاں چيز ہے کيا، لوح و قلم تيرے ہيں

Translation/Interpretation:
If you remain devoted/loyal to Prophet Muhammad, We are yours;
This universe is but nothing, you’re a writer of destinies.

You can learn more about his life by visiting: http://www.allamaiqbal.com/biography/en/index.php

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2023-04-21 13:09:19 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-04-21 12:16:45 Buka / Bagaimana

2023-04-17 12:30:39 On the 26th (or 25th) of Ramadan in 658 Hijri (September 3, 1260), the Mamluks of Egypt defeated the Ilkhanid (Mongol) forces of Hulagu Khan under Kitbuga at the Battle of Ain Jalut. Kitbuga was the lieutenant of Hulagu Khan who had assisted him during the Mongol invasion of the Middle East.

Shortly before the battle, Hulagu withdrew from the Levant and left Kitbuga there. The victory was sealed when Kitbuga was captured and executed by the Mamluks. This caused the remaining Mongols to retreat.

With their victory over the Ilkhanate, the Mamluks under the command of Sultan Saif al-Din Qutuz and Rukn al-Din Baibars halted the Mongol invasion. The Battle of Ain Jalut has been represented by numerous academic and popular historians as an epochal battle.

Previously in 1243, the Mongols had defeated the Seljuks of Rum and forced them to recognize the Mongol Great Han as suzerain. After a temporary retreat in 1252, the Mongol commander Hulagu returned to take Iraq, ravaging Baghdad and killing the last Abbasid caliph (1258) before going on into Syria.

The Mongols finally arrived at Aleppo in December 1259. On January 18, 1260, they started the Siege of Aleppo. The city surrendered on January 24, 1260, after only 6 days. The massacre of the Muslims and Jews in Aleppo lasted for six days. On March 1, 1260, Damascus also fell to the Mongols.

In response to the Mongol threat, Egypt fell under the Mamluk slave dynasty (1250-1517), which defeated Hulagu's garrisons at Ain Jalut (1260) and in Syria and Palestine, thus halting the high point of Mongol expansion but leaving them in control of the rest of the Middle East.

In 1308, the Seljuq Sultan Mesud II was murdered and thus the Seljuqs of Anatolia were overthrown by the Mongol Ilkhanate completely. But soon in 1335, the Ilkhanate was also disintegrated. After Ilkhanate's fall, several independent petty dynasties and principalities emerged to power in Iran and Anatolia.

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2023-04-17 12:30:37 Buka / Bagaimana